when we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. by intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. if we want to test intelligence,we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.

for instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. he tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. he probably isn't sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. and if he cannot make things work out right, he doesn't feel ashamed that he failed, he just tries to learn from his mistakes. an intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life and a special feeling about life.

if you look at children, you'll see great differences between what we call "bright" children and "not bright" children. they are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. for example, the bright child really wants to find out about life -- he tried to get in touch with everything around him. but the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dreamworld; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.

關(guān)于智力

當(dāng)我們談?wù)撝橇Φ臅r(shí)候，不是指在某些考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)的能力，甚至不是指在學(xué)校中達(dá)到學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)秀的能力。我們所說(shuō)的智力指的是一種生活行為的方式，特別是處于

新環(huán)境或逆境中的時(shí)候。如果我們想要對(duì)智力加以測(cè)試，我們需要發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人如何行事而不是他對(duì)做什么了解多少。

比如，當(dāng)處于一種新環(huán)境中時(shí)，聰明人會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行思考，而不是想他自己或者想可能會(huì)在他身上發(fā)生什么事情。他努力發(fā)現(xiàn)所能了解的任何情況，然后立即行動(dòng)，并試圖對(duì)此采取一定措施。他也許不能肯定是否能成功，但至少他努力過(guò)。而且如果他不能使事情成功，他也不會(huì)為失敗感到羞恥，他只會(huì)努力從錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。一個(gè)聰明人，即使很年輕，也對(duì)生活有著不同尋常的見(jiàn)解和感悟。

看看孩子們，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在我們所謂的“聰明孩子”和“不聰明孩子”之間存在著重大差異。他們實(shí)際上是兩種人，而不僅僅是智力水平不盡相同的一種人。比如，聰明的孩子確實(shí)想要了解生活——他試圖和周?chē)囊磺羞M(jìn)行接觸。但是不夠聰明的孩子更多的是局限在自己和自己的夢(mèng)幻世界中，在他自己和大眾生活之間似乎存在著一堵隔墻。

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