close 比較普通,有時可以和shut互換使用,但它更強(qiáng)調(diào)“不讓某人或某物進(jìn)入或通過”的意思,有時有“不接納”的意思,但通常表示“關(guān)閉”這一動作
It's Sunday,so all the shops are closed.
今天是星期天,所以這些店鋪都關(guān)門了。
I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.
我肯定沒有辦法再把箱子關(guān)上了。
shut 與 close 的含義差別在于,shut僅表示“關(guān)閉”之狀態(tài),不包含“不讓進(jìn)入”或“不接納”的意思
As soon as he opens the gate from the outside,he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.
它一旦從外面把門打開,便走進(jìn)園子里等著關(guān)門。
在某些習(xí)語中,只有 shut 而不用close.
Shut up!
住口!
He found every road to the accomplishment of his desire shut against him.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)通向?qū)崿F(xiàn)自己愿望的所有道路都被堵死了。
He shut his eyes to the severs reality.
對于這嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí),他是閉著眼睛不肯看的。
accompany attend escort convoy
意思都含“與人結(jié)伴同行”或“伴隨某物”。
accompany 指“與人結(jié)伴, 做伴”, 常含有彼此之間關(guān)系平等之意, 如:
He -nied her to the theater.
他陪她去劇院。
attend 意為“隨侍”、“隨從” 等解, 如:
Some students attended Prof. Jones on a field trip.
一些學(xué)生隨瓊斯教授去野外郊游。
escort 和 convoy 意為“以警衛(wèi)等身份陪伴”, 如:
This merchant ship was convoyed by a destroyer.
這艘商船由一驅(qū)逐艦護(hù)航。
escort 還指禮節(jié)上的“尊重或獻(xiàn)殷勤”, 如:
He escorted a lady to a party.
他陪一位女士赴宴。
accurate correct exact
均含“正確的”意思。
accurate 表示“準(zhǔn)確的”,精確的“,指”通過努力, 使事情達(dá)到正確“, 如:
She gave an accurate account of the accident.
她對事故做了準(zhǔn)確的描述。
correct 為一般用語, 指“正確的”, 如:
He gave correct answers to the questions.
他對這些問題提出了正確的答案。
exact 表示“確切的”,“精確無誤的”,指“與事實(shí)完全相符”, 如:
His answer is quite exact.
他的回答完全正確。
enough,sufficient,adequate這三個詞都表示“足夠的”或“充分的”。其中只有enough可以用作副詞或名詞,含義仍為“足夠的”。
enough和sufficient在含義上幾乎沒有差異,只是enough的用法較多,這兩個詞都表示“完全滿足需要,而且既不多余,也不缺少”。
adequate雖然也表示“足夠的”、“充分的”,但是和另二詞之間有著比較明顯的細(xì)微差異,因?yàn)檫@個詞的內(nèi)涵是:對于必不可少的東西在數(shù)量上應(yīng)當(dāng)是合理的、公平的或不苛刻的。Five men will be quite enough (or sufficient). 這句話說的是:5個人就十分充足了, 再多給一個人就沒有必要了His wages are adequate to support three people. 這句話說的是:他的工資夠養(yǎng)活3個人的。即這些錢養(yǎng)活3個人夠得上一般生活水平,并不苛刻。可見其差異非常細(xì)微。詞義差別越細(xì)微,表意越準(zhǔn)確。例如:“我為他干了3小時的活,他付給我20英鎊。我覺得那20英鎊的工錢是足夠了的”。這兩句話在英譯時,其中的“足夠的”必須用adequate,因?yàn)檫@里說的“足夠”包含了“公平、合理”的意思。故這兩句可譯為:I worked for him three hours,and he paid me 20 pounds. I think the 20 pounds are adequate for my work. 此外, 應(yīng)注意下面例句中enough的各種用法
I like to be a professional singer,but I don't think I have a good enough voice.
我想當(dāng)個職業(yè)歌唱家,但是我覺得我的嗓子不夠好。
A day may begin well enough,but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.
一天的開端可能好得很,但突然一切似乎都失去了控制。