介詞又叫前置詞,是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間關(guān)系的詞,它一般放在名詞、代詞(賓格)或動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞ing形式)前面。
1、in
① 在……里面。如:in the classroom
② in+顏色,穿著……顏色的衣服。如:Who’s the man in white?
③ in+語(yǔ)言,用某種語(yǔ)言說(shuō)。如:What’s this in English?
④ 在上午、下午、晚上。如:in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening
⑤ 在年、月、季節(jié)前。如:in 2008,in August,in summer
⑥ 在國(guó)家、城市和較大的地方前。如:in China,in Wuxi,in the playground
⑦ 固定搭配。 如:in the middle of(在……中間),do well in(擅長(zhǎng)),in the day(在白天),take part in(參加),stay in bed(躺在床上),in the street(在街上)
2、on
①在……上面。 如:on the desk
②用在某一天(上、下午)前。如:on the 5th of May,on Sunday,on Monday morning
③以Day結(jié)尾的節(jié)日前。如: on Children’s Day,on New Year’s Day
④固定搭配。如:on foot(步行),on duty(值日),put on(穿上),get on(上車(chē))
turn on(打開(kāi)),on the right / left(在右邊/左邊),on the wall (在墻上),on Zhongshan
Road(在中山路上)
注 意:樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的水果用on the tree;不是樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的外來(lái)物用in the tree。
如:I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree.
3、at
①在某個(gè)時(shí)刻前。如:at seven o’clock
②在傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前。如:at Spring Festival,at Mid-Autumn Festival,at Christmas
③在較小的地點(diǎn)。如:at the bus stop
④固定搭配。如:at once(立刻,馬上),be good at(擅長(zhǎng)……),look at(看),at home(在家),at school(在學(xué)校), at weekends(在周末), at the back of(在……后部), at night(在夜晚)
4、under 在……下面 如:There is a cat under the table.
5、behind 在……后面 如:There is an umbrella behind the door.
6、near 靠近…… 如:There is a park near my house.
7、beside 在……旁邊 如:The students are standing beside the teacher.
8、next to 緊靠……旁邊 如:The teachers’ office is next to our classroom.
9、before (時(shí)間上)在……之前 如: before class(上課前)
10、after (時(shí)間上)在……之后;依照
固定搭配: after class(課后),after school(放學(xué)后),look after(照看),run after(追趕),read after me(跟我讀)
11、between 在兩者之間 如:There are some trees between Building A and Building B.
12、by 乘某種交通工具 如:by bus,by plane,by the way(順便說(shuō)一下)
13、from
①be from = come from(來(lái)自……) 如:Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia.
②from…to…(從……到……)We go to school from Monday to Friday.
14、to 到、去…… 如:Let’s go to the zoo. 固定搭配:write to(給xx寫(xiě)信)
15、about 關(guān)于;大約
如: I want to buy a book about animals. It’s about one kilometer away.
16、for 為、給…… 如:Here’s a letter for you. What’s for breakfast?
固定搭配:look for (尋找),wait for(等候)
17、with
①與……一起。如:I’ll go shopping with my mother.
②具有某種特征。如:Who’s the boy with big eyes?
③help... with... 在某方面幫助某人 如: Can you help me with my English?
④play with... 和……一起玩;拿……玩 如:play with me,play with a yo-yo
18、in front of 在……前面 如:There is a tree in front of the classroom.
in the front of 在……前部 如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
19、along 沿著,順著 如:Go along this street.
20、as 作為 如:What would you like as a birthday present?
21、out of 從……出來(lái);往……之外 如:The dog is running out of the house.
22、of ……的,屬于…… 如:a map of China ,a map of the world
23、off 離開(kāi),在……之外 如:keep off the grass(勿踏草坪),get off(下車(chē))
24、up 向上 如:stand up(起立),pull up carrots(拔胡蘿卜)
25、down 向下 如:sit down(坐下), jump up and down(上下跳)