此獨(dú)立形式只是一個(gè)小短語(yǔ)，而不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句，又稱(chēng)之為獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句。當(dāng)分詞意義上的主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須在分詞前保留意義上的主語(yǔ)，否則語(yǔ)意不通。示例：

Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.

1.獨(dú)立主結(jié)構(gòu)形式可用以表時(shí)間，理由，條件，伴隨狀態(tài)等。

He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.

= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.

Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.

= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.

School being over, the boys went home.

= When school was over, the boys went home.

The sun having set, we arrived at the station.

= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.

王牌重點(diǎn)：當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you時(shí)，主語(yǔ)可省略，此用法常用于下列表達(dá)方式中：

generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)

strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)

talking of …… 談到

speaking of …… 說(shuō)到

judging from …… 由……來(lái)判斷

taking all things into consideration 把一切都考慮在內(nèi)

considering …… 考慮到……

[示例]

If we judge from his face, he must be ill.

= Judging from his face, he must be ill.

He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.

= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.