一、基數(shù)詞的構成和用法
(一)構成
1.1-12特殊記,即one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve沒有規(guī)律。
2.13-19以teen結尾,這是基數(shù)詞的其中一個后綴,注意13是thirteen,15是fifteen,18是eighteen.
3.20-90(即整十)以ty結尾,這是基數(shù)詞的一個后綴,注意40是forty,50是fifty,80是eighty.
4.21-99即表示“幾十幾”,分成由“幾十”+“幾”,實際上是由以上的“3”加“1”構成,注意中間加一個連字符。例如:21是twenty-one,99是ninety-nine.5,678讀作:five thousand,six hundred and seventy-eight,1,213,2,56讀作:one million,two hundred and thirteen thousand,two hundred and fifty-six,2,143,456,789讀作:two billion,one hundred and forty-three million,four hundred and fifty-six thousand,seven hundred and eighty-nine.
5.101-999的百位數(shù)由hundred加and再加兩位數(shù)或個位數(shù),例如:311讀作:three hundred and eleven,745讀作:seven hundred and forty-five,805讀作:eight hundred and five.
6.四位數(shù)以上(含四位數(shù))的數(shù)字從右向左每三位加一個逗號,第一、第二、第三個逗號的位置分別讀thousand,million,billion.
綜上所述不難發(fā)現(xiàn):個位數(shù)的表達用第一點,兩位數(shù)的表達用第二到第四點,百位數(shù)的表達用第五點,千位以上(含千位)的數(shù)字主要用第六點。
7.在表達確切數(shù)字時不用復數(shù)形式,即基數(shù)詞與"s"勢不兩立,例如:two hundred students不能說成two hundreds students.在表示不確切的數(shù)字時,用復數(shù)形式且后面要用of,即"s“與”of"形影不離。例如:hundreds of students 不能說hundred of students.有時也可加上several,a few等詞表示不確切的數(shù)量,例如:several thousand times,a few billion years.
(二)用法
1.表示“在幾十世紀的幾十年代”用“in+the+逢+的數(shù)詞的復數(shù)”,例如:in the 1880s.
2.表示在某人幾十多歲時用“in one’s +數(shù)詞的復數(shù)”,例如:in my twenties,in his thirties.
3.在與基數(shù)詞合成的定語即在復合形容詞中,名詞用單數(shù),例如:an eight-month-old baby,the boys’ 800-meter race
4.基數(shù)詞在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語等,例如:Eight is a lucky number in eastern countries.(作主語)
They need one billion altogether.(作賓語)
Five and three is eight.(作表語)
You two are both good students.(作同位語)
I have two bikes.(作定語)
二、序數(shù)詞的構成和用法
(一)構成
1.通常在基數(shù)詞后面加上后綴-th構成(第五是fifth,第八是eighth,第九是ninth),例如:four—fourth.
2.first(第一),second(第二),third(第三)特殊記。
3.表示第幾十的序數(shù)詞由相應的基數(shù)詞詞尾的y變i,再加eth.例如:twenty—twentieth,ninety—ninetieth.
4.表示第幾十幾的序數(shù)詞,只要把相應基數(shù)詞的末位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞表達即可,而前面其他仍用基數(shù)詞。例如:twenty-one→twenty-first.
5.100以上的序數(shù)詞,第100表示為100th(讀作one hundredth),第101表示為101st(讀作one hundred and first),其他的情況類推。
6.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式:數(shù)字+序數(shù)詞最后兩個字母,例如:first—1st,fourth—4th,ninety-eighth—98th.
(二)用法
1.用作主語,例如:The first is better than the second.
2.用作賓語,例如:At last,he choose the third.
3.用作定語,序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the,例如:It is the fourth time that you have been late for school in one month.
4.用作表語,例如:Li Ping was the second in the exam.
5.表示“又一、再一”,不強調按照一定規(guī)律排列的先后順序時用不定冠詞,例如:She lit three matches. Then she lit a fourth match. You will be the second to speak.(你第二個發(fā)言。)You have to speak a second time.(你必須再一次發(fā)言。)
6.表示編號,名詞+基數(shù)詞或the+序數(shù)詞+名詞,即用基數(shù)詞時,前面不加定冠詞,基數(shù)詞后置;用序數(shù)詞時,前面要加定冠詞,且名詞要后置。例如:Lesson One=the First Lesson,Part Two=the Second Part
7.用于固定搭配中,例如:at first,first of all.
三、分數(shù)、小數(shù)、百分數(shù)的構成和用法
(一)分數(shù)的構成和用法。分數(shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構成,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于一時,分母的序數(shù)詞用復數(shù)形式。例如:1/5—one(a)fifth,3/5—three fifths,1/3— one third,1/2—a half,1/4—a quarter.
分數(shù)作主語時,謂語動詞與分數(shù)所表示的名詞一致。例如:One third students are from China.
(二)小數(shù)點讀point,零讀/?藜u/或zero,小數(shù)點前面的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞的讀法一樣,小數(shù)點后的數(shù)字要一一讀出。例如:0.3—zero point three,6.31—six point three one.
(三)百分數(shù)由percent表示,當名詞用復數(shù)時,不變化。例如:11%—11 percent,Fifteen percent of the papers are written in Chinese.