twig是一款快速、安全、靈活的php模板引擎,它內(nèi)置了許多filter和tags,并且支持模板繼承,能讓你用最簡(jiǎn)潔的代碼來(lái)描述你的模板。他的語(yǔ)法和python下的模板引擎jinjia以及django的模板語(yǔ)法都非常像。 比如我們?cè)趐hp中需要輸出變量并且將其進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)義時(shí),語(yǔ)法比較累贅:
代碼如下:
<?php echo $var ?>
<?php echo htmlspecialchars(\$var, ent_quotes, 'utf-8') ?>
但是在twig中可以這樣寫:
代碼如下:
{{ var }}
{{ var|escape }}
{{ var|e }} {# shortcut to escape a variable #}
遍歷數(shù)組:
代碼如下:
{% for user in users %}
* {{ user.name }}
{% else %}
no user has been found.
{% endfor %}
但是要在yii framework集成twig就會(huì)遇到點(diǎn)麻煩了,官方網(wǎng)站中已經(jīng)有能夠集成twig的方案,所以這里我也不再贅述。但是由于twig中是不支持php語(yǔ)法的,所以在有些表達(dá)上會(huì)遇到困難,比如我們?cè)趯慺orm的視圖時(shí),經(jīng)常會(huì)這么寫:
代碼如下:
<?php $form=$this->beginwidget('cactiveform'); ?>
<span>login</span>
<ul>
<li>
<?php echo $form->label($model,'username'); ?>
<?php echo $form->textfield($model,'username'); ?>
</li>
<li>
<?php echo $form->label($model,'password'); ?>
<?php echo $form->passwordfield($model,'password'); ?>
</li>
<li class=last>
<button type=submit>login</button>
</li>
</ul>
<?php echo $form->error($model,'password'); ?>
<?php $this->endwidget(); ?>
但是這樣的語(yǔ)法是沒法在twig中表達(dá)的,所以想去擴(kuò)展下twig的功能,讓他能夠支持我們自定義的widget標(biāo)簽,然后自動(dòng)解析成我們需要的代碼。 總共需要兩個(gè)類:tokenparser和node,下面直接上代碼:
代碼如下:
<?php
/*
* this file is an extension of twig.
*
* (c) 2010 lfyzjck
*/
/**
* parser widget tag in yii framework
*
* {% beginwidget 'cactiveform' as form %}
* content of form
* {% endwidget %}
*
*/
class yii_widgetblock_tokenparser extends twig_tokenparser
{
/**
* parses a token and returns a node.
*
* @param twig_token $token a twig_token instance
*
* @return twig_nodeinterface a twig_nodeinterface instance
*/
public function parse(twig_token $token)
{
$lineno = $token->getline();
$stream = $this->parser->getstream();
$name = $stream->expect(twig_token::string_type);
if($stream->test(twig_token::punctuation_type)){
$args = $this->parser->getexpressionparser()->parsehashexpression();
}
else{
$args = new twig_node_expression_array(array(), $lineno);
}
$stream->expect(twig_token::name_type);
$assign = $stream->expect(twig_token::name_type);
$stream->expect(twig_token::block_end_type);
$body = $this->parser->subparse(array($this, 'decideblockend'), true);
$stream->expect(twig_token::block_end_type);
return new yii_node_widgetblock(array(
'alias' => $name->getvalue(),
'assign' => $assign,
), $body, $args, $lineno, $this->gettag());
}
/**
* gets the tag name associated with this token parser.
*
* @param string the tag name
*/
public function gettag()
{
return 'beginwidget';
}
public function decideblockend(twig_token $token)
{
return $token->test('endwidget');
}
}
class yii_node_widgetblock extends twig_node
{
public function __construct($attrs, twig_nodeinterface $body, twig_node_expression_array $args = null, $lineno, $tag)
{
$attrs = array_merge(array('value' => false),$attrs);
$nodes = array('args' => $args, 'body' => $body);
parent::__construct($nodes, $attrs, $lineno,$tag);
}
public function compile(twig_compiler $compiler)
{
$compiler->adddebuginfo($this);
$compiler->write('$context['.$this->getattribute('assign')->getvalue().'] = $context[this]->beginwidget('.$this->getattribute('alias').',');
$argnode = $this->getnode('args');
$compiler->subcompile($argnode)
->raw(');')
->raw(\n);
$compiler->indent()->subcompile($this->getnode('body'));
$compiler->raw('$context[this]->endwidget();');
}
}
?>
然后在twig初始化的地方增加我們的語(yǔ)法解析類:
代碼如下:
$twig->addtokenparser(new yii_widgetblock_tokenparser);
然后我們就可以在twig的模板里這么寫了:
代碼如下:
{% beginwidget 'cactiveform' as form %}
<ul>
<li>
{{ form.label(model, 'username') }}
{{ form.textfield(model, 'username') }}
</li>
<li>
{{ form.label(model, 'password') }}
{{ form.passwordfield(model, 'password') }}
</li>
</ul>
{% endwidget %}
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