17. “Wh-” questions.

What are you doing? What colour is it? What time is it? What’s the time?

Which is your watch， the yellow one or the white one?

Who’s the man with a big nose?

Whose bag is it?

When is your birthday?

Where is my ball pen?

Why do you like summer?

How many books are there in the school bag?

How old is the young man?

How much is the toy bear?

How do you go to school every day?

可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞“分家”

一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別

普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個數(shù)計算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞分為個體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個體，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集體名詞(表示作為一個整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people,　family 等)。假如普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個數(shù)來計算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名詞(表示動作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、 可數(shù)名詞的家務(wù)事

可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個人或一件事物時，用單數(shù)形式;指兩個或多個人或事物時用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下：

1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如：

book → books ;room → rooms;　house → houses ;day → days

2. 以s,　ss, ch,　sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 。如：

bus → buses ;glass → glasses;　watch → watches; dish → dishes ;box → boxes

3. 以”輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，要先將y改為i再加-es。如：

city → cities ;body → bodies;factory → factories

4. 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如：

half → halves; leaf → leaves;knife → knives ;wife → wives

5. 特例 [特例常?？迹涀?。]

① child → children

② man → men woman → women; policeman → policemen　(規(guī)律：man → men)

③ tomato → tomatoes; potato → potatoes

[ 初中英語以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時只有這兩個詞加-es，其余的當(dāng)然加-s嘍!如：photo → photos ]

④ foot → feet; tooth → teeth [ oo變成ee。]

⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese單、復(fù)數(shù)同形　[變復(fù)數(shù)時詞形不變。]

⑥ people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，要求謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);　people的復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples通常指"多個民族"。

三、 不可數(shù)名詞的家務(wù)事

1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)它作句子的主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：

The food is very fresh.　食品很新鮮。

2. 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但他們的意義往往發(fā)生變化。如：

water (水) → waters (水域); orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

3. 很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時為不可數(shù)，表示種類時就可數(shù)，但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。如：

fruit → fruits ;food → foods;　fish → fishes ;hair → hairs

用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

2. There is some________(food) in the basket.

3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

5. There are five________(people ) in his family.

6. Let’s take________(photo), OK?

7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.

9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

10. Their________(dictionary) look new.

11. I see you have a few white________(hair).

12. They are________(woman) doctors.

13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?

14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.

參考答案：

1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice

名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)“六注意”

善問大王：Good afternoon, Mr Zhang.名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)我掌握得不好，請您給我再講一講好嗎?

Mr Huang:別急!名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)需要注意六點，下面我就逐一給你道來：

一、可數(shù)名詞是可以用來計數(shù)的名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可數(shù)名詞是不可以直接用來計數(shù)的名詞。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。如：some bread， a little milk等。

二、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時，前面要用不定冠詞a(an)，表示特指時，前面要用定冠詞the; 而不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a(an)修飾，表示特指時，前面一定要用定冠詞the。如：

He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。

No one can see air. 沒有人能看見空氣。

三、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等來修飾，表示”一些，許多”。如：

There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。

There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有許多水。

四、可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。如：two apples, four books等。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用”單位詞+of”來表示數(shù)量。如： a piece of ***, three pieces of ***等。

五、可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如：

This picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很美。

不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)”單位詞”時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有兩杯茶。

六、對可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how many; 對不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。 如：

How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少個蘋果?

How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?

注意：對不可數(shù)名詞前的”單位詞”的修飾語提問時，疑問詞用how many。 如：

How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盤子里有多少片面包?

善問大王：名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)有這么多的注意點啊!這下我可全知道了!Thank you very much. Mr Zhang!

Mr Zhang：You’re welcome.