在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句,包括作表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句。
(1)表語從句
就是在連系動(dòng)詞之后作表語的從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接除與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞外,還有as if, as though.如:
It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 問題是他能否單獨(dú)做這件事。
注意:要區(qū)分以下句式:
1. that’s why+結(jié)果;that’s because+原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,這是因?yàn)樗×恕?/P>
The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
(2)主語從句
就是在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句。主語從句常用that, whom, whose,whether, who, what, which, when, whatever,where, how, why, whoever等引導(dǎo)。如:
Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否來還是問題。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 眾所周知,中國是一個(gè)偉大的社會(huì)主義國家。
注:為避免頭重腳輕,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主語,而將主語從句后置。如上述第二例常說成:
It is well known that China is a great socialist country.
但是,由連接代詞what, whatever, whoever等引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不能用形式主語。
(3)同位語從句
就是在句中作同位語的從句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, question, doubt, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名詞的后面,說明這些詞的具體內(nèi)容或含義。同位語從句大多由that引導(dǎo),也可由whether, where, how, when, why等引導(dǎo),但不能由which引導(dǎo)。如:
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這們一問題。
I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。
注:有時(shí),同位語從句并不緊跟在它所說明的詞的后面。如:
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相終于大白了,他原來是一只披羊皮的狼。
(4)賓語從句
就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句。引導(dǎo)這賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞基本相同。如:
They didn’t say which they wanted. 他們沒有說他們想要哪一個(gè)。
I was surprised at what has happened.我對發(fā)生的事感到驚訝。
注意:當(dāng)think, believe, suppose等的疑問式后面跟連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí),習(xí)慣上將這些連接詞置于句首,即“連接代/副詞+do you think /believe /expect+賓語從句的其余部分?”如:
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放學(xué)后干什么?
大家平時(shí)不要單看語法書,這樣會(huì)比較無聊,而且一下子要記太多是會(huì)比較難,而且容易混淆,把語法放到距離用起來,這樣會(huì)容易很多。
今天就和大家就分享到這,祝各位愉快!