定義：用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時(shí)也可說明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。

一、關(guān)系帶詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞

例１：This is the detective who came from London.

例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

２．關(guān)系代詞的用法

(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which.例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼淚。）

(2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which, who,或whom.

(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。

There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.

(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and  this 相似，并可以指人。例如：

He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

(5) that可指人或物，在從句中作表語，（指人作主語時(shí)多用who）僅用于限制性定語從句中。

(6) which可作表語，既可指人，以可指物。指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有某種特征．品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。

(7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who.

(8) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that.

(9) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom,不用 which.例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?（在這的所有人中誰和你一起去？）

３．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)

(1) “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。

(2) from where為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：

We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.

(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動(dòng)詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. （這是她曾今照顧的孩子。）

二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1．關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句

關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。

2. that可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因

That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間．地點(diǎn)或原因，在 that引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。

三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

1．二者差異比較

限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞同先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞．關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說明，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。

2．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)

(1) 弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分，作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語．賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞。

3. 先行詞與定語從句隔離

定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔離。例如：

This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.

四、As在定語從句中的用法

1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

（１）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。

（２）as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于which.例如：

The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

(３）the same… that與 the same …as在意思上是不同的。

2．As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面．中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is expected, the England team won the football match.

五、英語定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

單項(xiàng)填空

1．I think you’re got to the point_______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.

A. when                    B. that                C. where             D. which

2．The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.

A. when                    B. that              C. in which             D. on which

3．Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________ people were eaten by the tiger.

A. that                 B. by which           C. which               D. in which

4．There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.

A. where               B. which         C. when                 D. that

5．______ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which              B. When         C. What                  D. As

6．______ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.

A.It                     B.As                  C.That               D.What

7．There are many people_________ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.

A.who                 B.that              C.which                D.whose

8．EBay,Amazon and WalMart are popular websites_______people can sell goods to each other.

A.where           B.which          C.when            D.whose

9．On his 10th birthday.Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _____he believes that he can go to the wild.

A.which                              B.from what           C.through which                     D.that

10．I hope________the little _____I have been able to do has been of some use.

A.that;that         B./;by which    C.what;what            D./;with which

11．The farmers use wood to build a house______to store grains all the year around.

A.with which    B.to which    C.which    D.in which

12．This was a film_________ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.

A.which                    B.when               C.in which             D.there

13．The thought of going home to his family was allkept him happy while he was working abroad.

A.that          B.what         C.those        D.which

14．A container weighs more after air is put in_____proves that air has weight.

A.as        B.it         C.that       D.which

15．—Can you tell me where Peter lives?

—Over there.The two storey house, _____there is a garden.

A.near it                    B.from which        C.in front of it              D.in front of which 

16．Miss Green took up the story at the point______the thief had just made off with the jewels.

A.where                       B.which            C.as                          D.when

17．—Why does she always ask you for help?

—There is no one else_______ ,is there?

A.who to turn to                                B.she can turn to               C.for whom to turn                              D.for her to turn

18．The year before last,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _____effects the people are still suffering.

A.that                 B.whose               C.those               D.what

19．Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, ___ as the name suggests,eating doesn’t take much time.

A.who                  B.where              C.which              D.what

20．Later I want to return home but couldn’t find a company ________I could use_____I had learnt.

A.where;that                                  B.where;what            C.when;what                                  D.that;that

21．Government reports,legal papers and most business letters are the main situations ________ English is used.

A.when                    B.that                 C.how                D.where

22．We hope the measures to control house prices,__________ are taken by the government,will succeed.

A.as                  B.when              C.since                D.after

23．The boy the teachers considered _______ failed in the final exam, surprised them very much.

A.to be the best；which                           B.as the best student；that

C.to have been studying well；it               D.such as a good student；which

24．The president,together with his bodyguards, _______ to the nuclear station _______ there was an accident 20 minutes ago.

A.have come；which                       B.came；in which

C.has come；where                        D.come；in which

25．Is there a gas station around____________________ I can get some petrol?

A.which                                 B.what

C.where                                 D.that

26．There was_________ time________ I hated to go to school.

A.a；that          B.a；when

C.the；that         D.the；when

27．It was in the very house _______ was built with stones _______ he spent his childhood.

A.that；that                                B.that；where

C.which；that                              D.which；where

28．These wild flowers are so special I would do ______I_______ them.

A.what；can save                             B.all what；can to save

C.what；can to save                        D.everything；can save

29．I shall never forget those years _______I lived in the country with farmers,________has a great effect on my life.

A.that；which                                    B.when；which

C.which；that                                   D.when；who

30.Just like a voyage at sea,our life journey, _______ days are limited,is full of difficulties.

A. that   B. which          C. it     D. whose

高中總復(fù)習(xí)英語定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)卷參考答案

1．答案：C 解析：where在此處引導(dǎo)定語從句。

2．答案：B解析：本題考查定語從句。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句又在從句中作spend的賓語。

3．答案：D 解析：由四個(gè)選項(xiàng)知該空格應(yīng)填入定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此句意義為：people were eaten by the tiger in the scene,所以先行詞scene應(yīng)該與介詞in搭配。

4．答案：A 解析：關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾trousers,并在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。全句意思為：在她擦手的褲子上留下了污跡。

5．答案：D

解析：從句意看，本題考查定語從句的用法，故首先排除C項(xiàng)。由于when在定語從句中只能作時(shí)間狀語，而題干中的定語從句缺主語，因而排除B項(xiàng)；as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句之后，而as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，其中as表示“正如……那樣”。as is often the case為固定詞組，意為“這是常用的事；正如常見的情形”。全句意思為“正如平常一樣，我們已經(jīng)制訂出了工作計(jì)劃”。最佳答案D.

6．答案：B 解析：由題干的結(jié)構(gòu)及內(nèi)容看，逗號(hào)之前，應(yīng)為非限制性定語從句，故選B項(xiàng)。全句意思為：“正如報(bào)紙上報(bào)道的那樣，兩國之間的談判取得了進(jìn)展?！比暨xA項(xiàng)，此句應(yīng)為：It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two……若選D項(xiàng)，此句應(yīng)為：What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two……

7．答案：D 解析：whose誰的，“有許多人，他們的上網(wǎng)活動(dòng)只是發(fā)送和接收電子郵件?！?/P>

8．答案：A解析：考查定語從句。where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在從句中作狀語。

9．答案：C解析：考查定語從句。through為介詞提前，構(gòu)成go to the wild through……。

10．答案：A解析：句子成分分析。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the little.

11．答案：D解析：考查定語從句和省略。句中省略了they want;in which引導(dǎo)定語從句在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

12．答案：C解析：“在這部電影中”斯皮爾伯格用了真實(shí)的演員而不是玩具，故用in which引導(dǎo)定語從句。

13．答案：A

解析：考查定語從句。all 為先行詞，關(guān)系代詞用that.

14．答案：D解析：考查非限制性定語從句； which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指代前面整句話的意義。

15．答案：D解析：考查非限制性定語從句。in front of which“在……的前面”。

16．答案：A解析：考查定語從句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞 at the point.

17．答案：B解析：考查定語從句及省略。完整形式為： There is no one else (that/who)she can turn to;turn to sb.求助于某人。

18．答案：B解析：題意是“前年，東南亞部分地區(qū)遭遇了洪水災(zāi)害，至今人們還在受此影響”。由題中的逗號(hào)可以判定出句子的后半部分是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是floods.從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可看出，定語從句中只缺少定語，也就是說，先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)定語，所以引導(dǎo)詞要用whose.

19．答案：B解析：本題考查定語從句；where引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

20．答案：B解析： where引導(dǎo)定語從句，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。“在公司里我可以用到我所學(xué)的知識(shí)”。

21．答案：D解析：where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于in which.

22．答案：A解析：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，表示“正如”，并在定語從句中作主語。

23．答案：A解析：后半句為非限制性定語從句，which指代前一分句的內(nèi)容consider sb to be.

24．答案：C解析：含有 together with的介詞短語只對(duì)主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用，對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞不產(chǎn)生任何影響。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在從句中作狀語。

25．答案：C解析：本題考查定語從句。關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。本句中around作定語修飾a gas station.

26．答案：B 解析：本題考查冠詞和定語從句的用法。time作“次數(shù)”解時(shí)，后接關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，即：This/It is the first/second……time that+從句；time作“一段時(shí)光（時(shí)期）”解時(shí)，其前用不定冠詞，其后接關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，構(gòu)成：There was/is a time when……。故選B.全句意思為：有這么一段時(shí)間，我不想去上學(xué)。

27．答案：A 解析：第二空是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語in the very house.house后是定語從句，從句缺少主語，用that或which引導(dǎo)；由于house前有the very修飾，故只能用that引導(dǎo)。

28．答案：C 解析：在sb.do what one can to do結(jié)構(gòu)中what one can是賓語從句，what后不可再使用關(guān)系代詞；在sb.do everything/all(that)one can to do中，that one can是定語從句，該從句中只能使用關(guān)系代詞that,everything/all that等于what；在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中can后省略了動(dòng)詞do,動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。故選C.

29．答案：B 解析：第一個(gè)定語從句缺時(shí)間狀語，因此第一空應(yīng)該使用關(guān)系副詞when；第二個(gè)定語從句缺主語，關(guān)系代詞指代前面整句話，因此用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

30．答案：D解析：考查定語從句。whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，whose指代our life journey,在從句中作定語修飾days.