對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)題型

（1） 要求論述兩個(gè)對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的看法。

1． 有一些人認(rèn)為。。。

2． 另一些人認(rèn)為。。。

3． 我的看法。。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點(diǎn)）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

（2） 給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，要求考生反對(duì)這一觀點(diǎn)

Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點(diǎn)一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對(duì)的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對(duì)文章所討論主題的看法)．

闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述．

１． 闡述名言或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義．

２． 分析并舉例使其更充實(shí)．

The good old proverb ----------------（名言或諺語(yǔ)）reminds us that ----------------(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(舉例說明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(舉例說明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion, ----------------(我的觀點(diǎn)). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑

１． 問題現(xiàn)狀

２． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn))

　 In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(說明Ａ的現(xiàn)狀)．Second, ---------------(舉例進(jìn)一步說明現(xiàn)狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解決方法一). For another -------------(解決方法二). Finally, --------------(解決方法三).

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解決方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(帶來的好處).

說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，有時(shí)也會(huì)單從一個(gè)角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè)）

１． 說明事物現(xiàn)狀

２． 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（或一方面）

３． 你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二）.

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn))．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn))．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(對(duì)前景的預(yù)測(cè))．)

議論文的框架

(1) 不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型（ 選擇型 ）

　There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.

People,　however,　differ　in　their　opinions　on　this　matter.　Some　people　hold the idea that ___觀點(diǎn)二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there　is no　doubt　that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.　

　As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that __觀點(diǎn)一或二______.　It　is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)一______. And secondly ___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點(diǎn)一______. In addition, ____缺點(diǎn)二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.

( 3 ) 答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文題目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途徑一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.

Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

( 4 ) 諺語(yǔ)警句性議論文

It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___諺語(yǔ)_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____諺語(yǔ)的含義_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語(yǔ)_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語(yǔ)_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..

圖表作文的框架

as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文題目的議題_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing.

As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______. I　am　sure　my　opinion　is　both　sound　and　well-grounded.

實(shí)用性寫作（申請(qǐng)信 )

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver's address

Dear ...,

I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.

.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and success.

Sincerely yours,

X X X

現(xiàn)象說明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.

There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.

what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.

Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.

一種事物或現(xiàn)象（負(fù)面意義傾向）

關(guān)于A的話題,早已引起了廣泛的社會(huì)關(guān)注。如今在電視、報(bào)紙、日常生活的很多角落，都有越來越多的關(guān)于A的議論。

給A一個(gè)精確恒定的定義并非易事，因?yàn)樗母拍钌婕傲丝茖W(xué)、人性、思想、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、自然等廣闊的領(lǐng)域。一般而言，我們可以這樣描述A…

A能成為公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，主要是由于它對(duì)個(gè)人、集體乃至整個(gè)世界都有著不容忽視的不良影響。

認(rèn)真分析后我們可以看到，A對(duì)社會(huì)/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，從最直觀的角度來看，A的出現(xiàn)直接損害了（這里加入一句針對(duì)性的話，如人類的身體健康和環(huán)境的平衡） 。（舉例）。其次，從更深一層次上講，它為人類的精神文明蒙上了一層陰影。更可怕的是，由于A所產(chǎn)生微小利益，卻促成了許多可悲的人們?yōu)槠渫跛?，破壞了人類生存的法則和空間。

事實(shí)上，A的出現(xiàn)是社會(huì)發(fā)展和人類進(jìn)步的產(chǎn)物，A所帶來的危害是人類進(jìn)化過程中付出的代價(jià)。同時(shí)，A的產(chǎn)生來源于部分人們的自私和趨利性，他們看到的是膚淺和片面的利益，而從未從整個(gè)全局和人類整體的利益出發(fā)去認(rèn)識(shí)和分析它。這使得A始終揮之不去。對(duì)此，我奉勸他們，跳出狹小的角落，用長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)和全局的眼光去重新審視A。

而如今，我們已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我們必須從根源上杜絕它的產(chǎn)生，我們每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)給予A高度的重視，用系統(tǒng)的和科學(xué)的方法去解決，唯有這樣，避免它帶來更多損失，我們?nèi)祟惽斑M(jìn)的腳步才會(huì)更加平穩(wěn)，更加歡快的邁向輝煌的明天。

One object or phenomenon (negative significance inclination.)

A has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about A can be found in TV programs, newspapers, ugogo and marry aspects of our everyday life.

Since its concept covers vast fields, such as science, humanity, ideology, economy, society and nature, A is difficult to be defined, precisely and fixedly. Generally speaking ,we can describe A as follows:…….

A’s status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its in negligible but harmful influence on individuals, collective, and even the whole world. It seems to have a strange power to drive some individuals or organizations to act wrongly. The essence of these wrong actions is:

(1) to gain personal, short-term and partial individual interest at the expense of damaging others’ long-term and overall interest;

(2) to adopt improper means to win more rewards with less input.

Situating under the shadow of A, individuals /organizations and violate natural law merely to obtain temporary, or even illusory interests. However, the result may turn out to be loss of really important and valuable resource or ability.

We must keep highly alert of the problems evoked by A, because once the harmful influence accumulates to a certain degree and then spread, it will surely threaten the development of the whole society.

Though with various reasons and forms, from the perspective of the essence, the problems brought by A originates from the fundamental principle of human ideology and material production. Thus, we should seek the solutions through setting foot on this principle.

Due to the depth and width of A’s harmful influence, we should draft our solutiogogotematically on the basis of deep analysis of A problem. We must acquire our power from technology, management, law and culture terrorm, effectively eliminate the shadow of A, and ensures ourselves a bright future.

-- 萬能英語(yǔ)作文模板，

（I）說明原因型

模塊（一）

Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated

that ( 1 ).

Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.

The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides,( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ).

To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) .

It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ,( 6 ).

On the other hand ,( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the

number of XX .

注釋：

（1）用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明XX現(xiàn)象

（2）原因一

（3）原因二

（4）原因三

（5）指出主要原因

（6）解決建議一

（7）解決建議二

Generation gap between parents and children

Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and

children which is so- called generation gap . It is estimated that (75 percentages

of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children

usually think their parents too old fashioned).

Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?

Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows . The first one is that ( the two generations,

having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides(due to having little in common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third reason is (with the

pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their

work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( lake of communication and understanding each other) .

It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should

respect their parents ).On the other hand ,( parents also should show solicitue for

their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap .

第二天：

（I）說明原因型

模塊（2）

　In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on ( 1 ).

　The factors for ( 2 ) .First of all ,( 3 ).Then , there

comes a case that ( 4 ). Moreover , ( 5 ) . Especially

when ( 6 ) .

Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remind

people that ( 7 ).In this way ,we should behave just like

( 8 ).

The impact of Television

　In recent years , with the development of science and

technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite

TV , offering as many as 50 channels .It has caused a heated

debate on (the impact of television on children ). Many

parents　are worried about the impact of so much television

on children.

　The factors for (parents' worry is that children are indulge in

television and spend too much time on it .) .First of all ,(with so

many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much

exercise as they should ).Then , there comes a case that ( some

studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions

of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ).

Moreover , ( the effect on children's minds are more serious than

the effect on children's bodies ) . Especially when ( the children

are too small to judge what programs are suit to them ) .

Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind

parents that ( they should pay close attention to and responsibilities

for supervising their children's TV viewing ).In this way ,children

will not be influented too deeply .

（I）說明原因型

模塊（3）

　Currently,XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate

the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX .

　It is clear that ( 1 ). If you ( 2 ), as a result ,

your dreams willcome true . On the contrary, if you ( 　3　).

Failure will be following　with you .It turns out that all your plan falls through .

　No one can deny another fact that ( 4　) .You donn't have to

look　very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know (5　) .

It will exert a profound influence upon ( 6　).

　With reference to my standpoint ,I think ( 7　).

注釋：

1 ： XX的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)

2： 支持XX的做法

3：不支持XX的做法

4：XX的第二個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)

5：舉例證明優(yōu)點(diǎn)二

6：說明XX優(yōu)點(diǎn)三的影響第三天我寫的相應(yīng)作文：

The importance of self-confidence

　Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day .

This does demonstrate the 　theory --- nothing is more valuable

than　self-confidence.

　It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in one's abilities ).

If you ( are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power

to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome

difficulties ), as a result , your dreams willcome true .On the contrary,

if you ( have no confidence in yourself,　there is little possibility that

you would ever achieve anything ). Failure will be following　with you。

It turns out that all your plan falls through .

　No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light

when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed) .

You donn't have to look　very far to find out the truth , in respect

that we all know (the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and

self-confidence,　the latter in particular) . It will exert a profound

influence upon ( the achievement of one's ambitions ).

　With reference to my standpoint ,I think (he that can have

self-confidence can have what he will).

（I）說明原因型

模塊（4）

　 For most of us today ,(1　).

　From above ,we can find that the reasons

why (2　) are as follows.

　The primary reason ,i think,　is (3).

　Second,(　4).

　The third reason,　actually　,is (　5　).

　The significance for (　6)　。

Therefore ,(　7　).

注釋：

（1）人們針對(duì)XX的態(tài)度和舉措

（2）歸納現(xiàn)狀

（3）第一個(gè)原因

（4）第二個(gè)原因

（5）第三個(gè)原因

（6）重申造成現(xiàn)狀的最重要原因

（7）我的建議我寫的模塊（４）的相應(yīng)的作文，僅供參考

pollution

　 most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has

been　a greatly serious problem . lots of plants trees corps are

destroyed　by bad air .many fish die of poisonous water . thousands

of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas . therefore ,

environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases

that are disabling ,or bringing death not only to human beings ,

but also to wild life .)

from above ,we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted

more and more seriously) are as follows.

　the primary reason ,I think , is (the reason of harmful substances into

environment . for example ,to prevent insects ,farmers make use of great

amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests . however ,they

pollute air ,water and land ).

second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make

environment polluted badly ).

the third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in

the world . everyday , so much litter and waste are poured out from

houses ,also pollute the environment ).

the significance for (controlling pollution ) noted that it's high

time that more effective measures should be taken .

therefore ,(new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants

from factories . moreover ,in the households ,there is an obvious need

to reduce litter and waste . let's make our good efforts ,and the world

will be a safer place to live for us ).

（I）說明原因型

模塊（5）

These days we often hear that ( 1 ).

It is common that ( 2 ).

Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social

protects? For one thing ,( 3 ).

For another,( 4 ). What is more,

since ( 5 ),it is natural that ( 6 ).

To solve the problem is not easy at all ,but is worth

trying .We should do something such as ( 7 )

to improve he present situation ,and i do believe everything

will be better in the future .

(1)提出論題

（2）說明現(xiàn)狀

（3）理由一

（4）理由二

（5）理由三

（6）理由三引起的后果

（7）解決方法

我寫的模塊（5）的相應(yīng)的作文

pollution of environment

??These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed .).

??Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing ,(the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded. ).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ). What is more , since ( the industrial revolution ) ,it is natural

that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms .The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment ).

??To solve the problem is not easy at all ,but is worthying .We should do something such as (planting more trees , equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation ,and i do believe everything will be better in the future .

作文的開頭

一篇文章通?？煞譃槿齻€(gè)部分，即開頭、正文和結(jié)尾。這三個(gè)部分安排是否得體，直接影響到文章的質(zhì)量。

文章的開頭一般來說應(yīng)盡量做到開門見山，用簡(jiǎn)單明白的敘述引出文章的話題，使讀者了解文章要談?wù)撌裁?，一下于引起讀者的興趣。

作文常見的開頭形式大致有以下幾種：

1．開門見山，揭示主題

文章一開頭，，就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎樣度假)的開頭是：

I Spent my last vacation happily．

下面是題為"Honesty"(談?wù)\實(shí))一文中的開頭：

Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people．

2．交代人物、事情、時(shí)間或環(huán)境開頭

在文章的開頭，先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的開頭：

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.

3. 回憶性的開頭

用回憶的方法來開頭。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的開頭是：

I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.

4．概括性的開頭

即對(duì)要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個(gè)概括性的介紹。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(讀書的快樂)的開頭：

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.

5．介紹環(huán)境式的開頭

即開頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如“An Accident”(一場(chǎng)事故)的開頭是:

It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.

6．交待寫作目的的開頭。

在文章的一開頭就交待寫作目的，如通過文章要表?yè)P(yáng)誰，批評(píng)誰，或說明一個(gè)什么問題等。如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的開頭：

In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.

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